一、遇襲即時反應：跑 · 躲 · 報
Part 1: Immediate Response — RUN · HIDE · TELL
📌 根據英國反恐警察 / ProtectUK 指引整理
📌 Based on UK Counter Terrorism Policing / ProtectUK guidance
英國反恐警察針對槍擊及持械攻擊，建議遵循 「跑、躲、報（RUN HIDE TELL）」 三大原則：
UK Counter Terrorism Policing recommends the RUN HIDE TELL principle for gun and knife attacks:
跑（RUN）
RUN
逃離是首選。丟棄所有行李，不要拍照。帶其他人一起走，但不讓他們的猶豫阻礙你的逃生。
Escape is the priority. Drop all baggage; don't stop to film. Try to take others with you, but don't let their hesitation delay your escape.
躲（HIDE）
HIDE
若無法逃跑，躲在厚實磚牆後方。鎖門、設置障礙。把手機調至靜音（包括關閉震動）。
If you can't escape, hide behind thick solid walls. Lock doors and barricade. Silence your phone — including vibration.
報（TELL）
TELL
安全時撥打999，告知警方：事件性質、地點、嫌疑人描述（外貌、衣著、武器）及傷亡情況。
When safe, call 999. Tell the operator: the nature of the incident, location, description of suspect(s) (appearance, clothing, weapons) and any casualties.
若你已撥出999但無法說話（因怕被歹徒發現），按 「55」 可向接線員示意你處於危險中，接線員會以是/否問題確認情況。此外，你可事先將「register」短訊發送至 999 完成登記，以備緊急時以短訊報警。
If you have called 999 but cannot speak (e.g. to avoid alerting an attacker), pressing "55" signals to the operator that you are in danger. They will ask yes/no questions to clarify. You can also pre-register to text 999 in an emergency by sending "register" to 999.
二、英國自衛法律邊界
Part 2: UK Self-Defence Law
📌 根據英國政府自衛用武法律指引及相關律師網站整理，非正式法律意見
📌 Based on UK government self-defence guidance and legal reference sources — not formal legal advice
在英國，了解自衛的法律邊界，可避免在保護自己後反而面臨刑事起訴：
In the UK, understanding the legal limits of self-defence can help you avoid criminal charges after protecting yourself:
合法的自衛行為
What is legally permitted
- 法律允許在面對攻擊時使用 「合理武力（Reasonable force）」——即在當下情況下，一個理性的人也會認為必要且適度的反應
- 法律允許先發制人——不必等到對方先動手，只要你誠實相信攻擊迫在眉睫即可
- 法律以你當時的合理認知為標準，而非事後的冷靜分析
- The law permits using "reasonable force" when facing an attack — meaning a response that a reasonable person would consider necessary and proportionate in the circumstances
- Pre-emptive action is permitted — you do not have to wait for the first blow; as long as you honestly believed an attack was imminent, a pre-emptive strike may be lawful
- Your actions are judged on your honest belief at the time, not with the benefit of hindsight
嚴禁攜帶武器
Carrying weapons is illegal
📌 根據英國相關法律與警方及法律網站整理
📌 Based on UK law and guidance from police and legal reference websites
在公眾地方攜帶任何具威嚇目的的武器——包括小刀、胡椒噴霧、電擊棒——均屬違法，即使出於「自衛」目的亦不被接受，最高可判處4年以上監禁。如在街上被搜出此類物品，可能即時被捕。
Carrying any weapon for the purpose of causing fear or harm in a public place — including knives, pepper spray or stun guns — is illegal in the UK. Claiming "self-defence" as justification for carrying a weapon is not accepted in law and can result in a sentence of 4 or more years' imprisonment.
建議的日常防衛意識工具
Recommended everyday awareness tools
📌 以下為一般安全建議，屬生活例子，非官方指引
📌 General safety suggestion — a practical example, not official guidance
在人群擁擠的場合，可隨身攜帶長雨傘或手杖等日常物品——這些工具可在緊急時用於格擋，幫助保持與威脅的距離，爭取時間逃跑。目標是拉開距離、盡快脫身，而非主動攻擊或奪刀搏鬥。
In crowded situations, carrying everyday items such as a long umbrella or walking stick can help you block an attack and create distance to escape. The goal is to gain space and get away — not to engage in combat or attempt to disarm an attacker.
三、緊急急救：大出血止血
Part 3: Emergency First Aid — Severe Bleeding
📌 根據英國急救教育機構（First Aid for Life 等）整理
📌 Based on UK first aid education organisations including First Aid for Life
若自己或他人遭受刀傷並出現大量出血，建議在幾分鐘內採取行動——嚴重失血可在短時間內危及生命：
If you or someone nearby suffers a stab wound with severe bleeding, it is advisable to act within minutes — severe blood loss can become life-threatening very quickly:
- 直接用力施壓：用乾淨的布料或衣物用力按壓傷口，維持至少10分鐘不放開，讓血栓形成。如果可能，戴上手套保護自己免受感染。
- 如傷口在四肢且直接施壓無效，考慮止血帶：在傷口上方5–7厘米處（避開關節）縛緊止血帶，直至完全止住血流。記錄使用時間，絕不自行鬆開止血帶——必須由醫療人員處理。
- 不要拔出刺入身體的武器：如凶器仍留在傷口內，切勿拔出——它起到堵住傷口的作用，拔出會加劇出血。應在凶器兩側用力施壓。
- 立即致電999，清楚告知傷者位置、傷勢及已採取的急救措施。
- Apply direct firm pressure: press hard on the wound with clean cloth or clothing for at least 10 minutes without releasing, to allow clotting. Wear gloves if available to protect yourself from infection.
- For limb wounds where direct pressure fails, consider a tourniquet: apply tightly 5–7 cm above the wound (not over a joint) until blood flow stops completely. Record the time applied; never remove a tourniquet yourself — only medical professionals should do this.
- Do not remove an embedded weapon: if the weapon remains in the wound, do not pull it out — it is plugging the wound, and removing it will increase bleeding. Apply pressure on both sides of it.
- Call 999 immediately and clearly describe the victim's location, the nature of the injury and what first aid you have applied.
四、事後跟進與支援途徑
Part 4: After the Incident
報案與保留證據
Reporting and preserving evidence
- 如非緊急情況或事後才報案，撥打101或親身前往警察局
- 盡量保留現場原狀，不要移動非急救必需的物品
- 向警方索取案件編號（Crime Reference Number），以便跟進及申請支援
- For non-emergency reporting after the event, call 101 or visit a police station in person
- Preserve the scene as much as possible; do not move items unless required for first aid
- Ask police for a Crime Reference Number, which you will need for follow-up and support applications
法律及心理支援
Legal and psychological support
- 若因自衛行為而接受警方調查：立即尋求刑事辯護律師，在沒有法律建議前不要接受警方訊問
- 心理健康：遭遇攻擊可能引發急性壓力反應或創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD），如出現嚴重焦慮、夢魘或情緒困擾，應盡早向GP或心理諮商專業人士求助
- Victim Support：英國全國性慈善機構，為受犯罪影響人士提供免費且保密的支援服務（支援熱線：08 08 16 89 111）
- If you are investigated for self-defence: seek a criminal defence lawyer immediately; do not answer police questions without legal advice
- Mental health: experiencing an attack can cause acute stress reaction or PTSD; if you suffer from severe anxiety, nightmares or emotional distress, seek help from your GP or a mental health professional as early as possible
- Victim Support: a UK national charity offering free and confidential support for people affected by crime (Supportline: 08 08 16 89 111)