一、即時居家降溫策略

Part 1: Immediate Home Cooling Strategies

📌 居家降溫策略整理自 CIBSE 及 NHS 熱浪應對建議

📌 Home cooling strategies sourced from CIBSE and NHS heatwave guidance

「早關晚開」通風法

The "close by day, open at night" method

這是在沒有冷氣的英國家庭中最有效的降溫策略：

This is the most effective cooling strategy for UK homes without air conditioning:

• 日間遮陽：在陽光直射前（通常清晨）就拉下遮光窗簾或百葉窗，阻擋輻射熱進入室內。遮陽帘的安裝位置越靠外越有效。
• 夜間通風：只在室外氣溫低於室內時（通常是深夜至清晨），才開啟窗戶讓涼空氣進入。如果日間開窗，只會讓熱空氣進入，加熱室內。
• 若家中有多層，地下層或地面層通常比頂層涼快得多——熱空氣上升，可在較涼爽的樓層休息或睡覺。

• Shade by day: Pull down blackout curtains or blinds before the sun hits your windows (usually early morning) to block radiant heat. External shading is more effective than internal blinds.
• Ventilate at night: Only open windows when outdoor air is cooler than indoor air (usually late night to early morning). Opening windows in the daytime lets hot air in and heats your home further.
• In multi-storey homes, ground floor or basement rooms are often significantly cooler than top floors — hot air rises, so sleep or rest on lower floors during heatwaves.

善用風扇

Using fans effectively

風扇無法降低室內氣溫，但能增加皮膚表面的空氣流動，促進汗水蒸發，帶來涼快感。若室外空氣比室內涼爽，可將風扇放在窗邊，把涼空氣引入室內或將熱空氣排出。

A fan cannot lower the air temperature in your room, but it does increase airflow over your skin, helping sweat evaporate and creating a cooling sensation. If outdoor air is cooler than indoor air, place a fan at a window to draw cool air in or push hot air out.

二、預防中暑：日常習慣

Part 2: Preventing Heatstroke

📌 中暑預防建議整理自 NHS 及 GOV.UK 夏季健康指引

📌 Heatstroke prevention guidance sourced from the NHS and GOV.UK summer health advice

• 保持補水：即使不口渴也要定時飲水，成人每天至少喝6–8杯。避免含酒精、大量咖啡因或高糖的飲料，這些飲品會加速脫水。
• 適當衣著：穿著輕便、寬鬆及淺色的棉質衣物，有助散熱。
• 調整活動時間：避免在正午至下午3時的高溫時段進行劇烈戶外活動，將運動或體力勞動安排在清晨或傍晚。
• 特別留意高危人士：主動查探獨居長者、長期病患及嬰幼兒，這些人士往往無法自行應對高溫。
• 切勿將人或寵物留在停泊的車輛內：即使只是短暫，車內溫度可在幾分鐘內上升至危險水平。

• Stay hydrated: drink regularly even if you don't feel thirsty — aim for at least 6–8 glasses per day for adults. Avoid alcohol, excessive caffeine and high-sugar drinks, which all accelerate dehydration.
• Dress appropriately: wear lightweight, loose-fitting, light-coloured cotton clothing to help your body dissipate heat.
• Adjust activity timing: avoid vigorous outdoor activity between midday and 3pm; schedule exercise or physical labour in the early morning or evening.
• Check on vulnerable people: actively check on elderly neighbours, people with long-term conditions and young children — they may not be able to cope with heat on their own.
• Never leave people or pets in parked vehicles: even briefly, car interiors can reach dangerous temperatures within minutes.

三、識別中暑徵兆與急救

Part 3: Recognising Heatstroke & First Aid

📌 中暑識別及急救步驟來自 NHS 急救指引

📌 Heatstroke recognition and first aid steps sourced from NHS first aid guidance

了解熱衰竭與中暑的分別，是正確急救的關鍵：

Understanding the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke is essential for correct first aid:

急救步驟

First aid steps

1. 立即將患者移至陰涼通風處，讓其躺下，雙腳略微抬高
2. 鬆脫衣物，用濕毛巾、噴霧水或冰袋（尤其放在頸部、腋下及腹股溝）幫助降溫
3. 若患者意識清醒，讓其小口補充水或含電解質的飲料
4. 密切觀察：若症狀在30分鐘內未改善，或患者出現意識混亂、高燒不退或喪失意識，立即撥打999

1. Move the person immediately to a cool, shaded area; have them lie down with legs slightly elevated
2. Loosen their clothing and apply cold wet towels, spray water or ice packs (especially to the neck, armpits and groin) to help cool them down
3. If conscious, give small sips of water or an electrolyte drink
4. Monitor closely: if symptoms do not improve within 30 minutes, or if the person becomes confused, has a very high temperature or loses consciousness, call 999 immediately

四、長遠家居改善建議

Part 4: Long-Term Home Improvements

📌 長遠家居降溫建議整理自 CIBSE 及 Arup 建築研究報告

📌 Long-term home cooling guidance sourced from CIBSE and Arup building research

研究顯示，比起室內措施，外部隔熱對降低室內溫度更為根本有效：

Research shows that external shading is significantly more effective than internal measures for keeping rooms cool:

• 安裝外部遮陽裝置：外部百葉窗、遮陽篷或外置遮陽帘能阻擋90%以上的太陽輻射熱進入室內，效果遠優於室內窗簾
• 提升屋頂或外牆反射率：將屋頂或外牆塗上高反射率的淺色特殊塗料（「酷屋頂」），可顯著減少建築吸收的熱能
• 升級窗戶：更換為具有低輻射塗層（Low-e glass）的雙層或三層玻璃，有效阻擋太陽熱增益
• 種植樹木及綠化：在南向及西向窗戶外種植落葉喬木，夏天提供遮蔭，冬天落葉後讓陽光進入；亦可考慮綠色屋頂或牆面
• 安裝吊扇：吊扇可顯著提升室內空氣流動，是有效的低成本舒適冷卻方案

• Install external shading: external shutters, awnings or external blinds block over 90% of solar radiation before it reaches the glass — far more effective than internal curtains
• Increase roof or wall reflectivity: applying high-reflectance light-coloured specialist paint ("cool roof" coating) significantly reduces the heat absorbed by your building
• Upgrade windows: replace with double or triple glazing with a low-emissivity (Low-e) coating to reduce solar heat gain
• Plant trees and greenery: plant deciduous trees on south- and west-facing sides — shade in summer, sunlight in winter; consider green roofs or living walls
• Install a ceiling fan: ceiling fans significantly improve air circulation throughout a room and are a cost-effective comfort cooling solution

參考資料

References