一、英國野火警報系統

Part 1: UK Wildfire Alert Systems

📌 野火警報系統資料來自 Met Office 及 Natural England

📌 Wildfire alert system information sourced from the Met Office and Natural England

英國使用多個系統評估和發布野火風險，了解各個系統的意義，有助你及早採取行動。

The UK uses several overlapping systems to assess and communicate wildfire risk. Understanding what each level means helps you act early.

火災嚴重程度指數（Fire Severity Index, FSI）

Fire Severity Index (FSI)

由英國氣象局（Met Office）發布，評估若發生火災時火勢可能達到的嚴重程度。FSI分析降雨量、風速、溫度、濕度及旱情等因素。需注意：FSI不預測火災的發生地點，但在極端條件下，相關部門可能會暫停脆弱土地的公眾通行權。

Published by the Met Office, the FSI measures how severe a fire would become if one started — it analyses rainfall, wind speed, temperature, humidity and drought conditions. Important: the FSI does not predict where fires will occur, but in extreme conditions, authorities may suspend public access to vulnerable land.

荒原野火危險指數（Moorland Wildfire Danger Index）

Moorland Wildfire Danger Index

針對英格蘭和威爾斯北部高地的即時風險地圖，採用交通燈顏色系統：

A real-time risk map for upland areas of northern England and Wales, using a traffic-light colour system:

顏色Colour	意義Meaning	建議行動Recommended action
🟢 綠色Green	安全，無風險Safe — no risk	正常戶外活動Normal outdoor activity
🟡 琥珀色Amber	中度風險Moderate risk	提高警惕，避免生火Stay alert; avoid open fires
🔴 紅色Red	高風險High risk	嚴格避免任何可能引火的行為Strictly avoid any fire-starting activity
⚫ 極端Extreme	極度危險Extreme danger	遵從當局指示，避免前往相關地區Follow authority instructions; avoid affected areas

手機緊急警報系統

Mobile emergency alerts

當野火直接威脅到生命安全時，消防救援部門可透過政府緊急警報服務（Emergency Alerts）向受影響區域內的兼容手機及平板電腦發送警報，無需事先登記。收到警報時，裝置會發出強烈聲響及震動，即使靜音也會響起。

When wildfire threatens life, fire and rescue services can send alerts via the government's Emergency Alerts service to compatible mobile phones in the affected area — no registration required. When received, your device will sound a loud alarm and vibrate, even if it is set to silent.

二、預防野火：個人行為守則

Part 2: Wildfire Prevention

📌 野火預防行為守則整理自 National Fire Chiefs Council 及 Forestry England

📌 Wildfire prevention guidance sourced from the National Fire Chiefs Council and Forestry England

英國大多數野火由人為活動引起，以下行為可大幅降低風險：

Most UK wildfires are caused by human activity. The following actions significantly reduce risk:

• 切勿在野外生火，只在有明確標示許可的地方使用燒烤設備
• 強風、低濕度或高溫天氣下應完全避免生火
• 菸蒂必須完全熄滅才可丟棄；絕不從車窗拋出菸蒂
• 不要亂扔玻璃瓶：陽光直射玻璃可聚焦光線引發火災
• 不要在乾旱期間在草地上停泊車輛：催化式排氣管可引燃乾草

• Never light open fires in the countryside; only use BBQ equipment where signs clearly permit it
• Avoid any fire-related activity during strong winds, low humidity or high temperatures
• Extinguish cigarettes fully before disposing of them; never throw cigarette butts from car windows
• Do not leave glass bottles in dry vegetation: sunlight through glass can focus heat and start fires
• Avoid parking on dry grass during drought: catalytic converters can ignite dry grass underneath

三、家居野火防護（「防衛空間」）

Part 3: Protecting Your Home — Defensible Space

📌 家居野火防護建議整理自英國消防救援局及環境局指引

📌 Home wildfire protection guidance sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services and the Environment Agency

在野火多發地區，提前做好家居防護，可大幅降低火勢蔓延至建築物的風險：

In areas near moorland or woodland, creating a "defensible space" around your property significantly reduces the risk of wildfire reaching your home:

• 清理屋頂及排水溝的落葉和枯枝，並清除建築物周圍5英尺內的易燃雜物
• 修剪草坪，在建築物30英尺範圍內避免堆放木料、垃圾或易燃物品
• 檢查屋頂瓦片，修補破損處，防止火花進入屋頂空間
• 確保門牌號碼在路邊清晰可見，方便消防車輛進入

• Clear roofs and gutters of leaves and debris; remove combustible material within 5 feet of your building
• Mow grass regularly; avoid storing wood piles, rubbish or flammable materials within 30 feet of the building
• Check and repair roof tiles to prevent embers entering roof spaces
• Make sure your house number is clearly visible from the road so emergency vehicles can find you quickly

四、野火緊急應對步驟

Part 4: Emergency Action Steps

📌 緊急應對步驟整理自英國消防救援局及 GOV.UK 緊急應對指引

📌 Emergency action steps sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services and GOV.UK emergency guidance

發現野火：立即行動

If you spot a wildfire

• 立即遠離火源、濃煙及植被
• 撥打999，要求消防服務，告知火災規模、蔓延方向、及你的確切位置（可使用What3Words定位）
• 切勿嘗試自行撲救野火——野火難以預料，應交由受訓人員處理
• 不要停留拍照或錄影

• Move away from the fire, smoke and vegetation immediately
• Call 999, ask for Fire, and describe the fire's size, direction of spread, and your exact location (you can use the What3Words app to pinpoint your position)
• Do not attempt to fight a wildfire yourself — they are unpredictable; leave it to trained personnel
• Do not stop to take photos or video

準備及執行疏散（Ready · Set · Go）

Preparing and executing evacuation (Ready · Set · Go)

收到疏散警示時，按「6個P」準備應急包：

When an evacuation warning is issued, use the "6 Ps" to prepare your go-bag:

• 👥 人員（People）：確認家人需求，尤其是長者、幼童及殘疾人士
• 🐾 寵物（Pets）：攜帶外出籠、食物及疫苗記錄
• 💊 處方藥物（Prescriptions）：所有藥品及醫療設備
• 📄 文件（Papers）：保險單、身分證、護照、房產證等
• 📱 個人需求（Personal needs）：手機、充電器、現金、行動電源
• 📷 貴重物品（Priceless items）：珍貴照片或無法複製的傳家寶

• 👥 People: confirm everyone's needs, especially elderly, children and those with disabilities
• 🐾 Pets: carrier, food and vaccination records
• 💊 Prescriptions: all medicines and medical equipment
• 📄 Papers: insurance policy, ID, passport, property documents
• 📱 Personal needs: phone, charger, cash, portable battery
• 📷 Priceless items: cherished photographs or irreplaceable heirlooms

疏散時的個人防護

Personal protection during evacuation

• 穿著長褲長袖（棉質或羊毛材質，避免化纖）
• 佩戴N95口罩（普通外科口罩不足以過濾野火煙霧中的微粒）
• 戴上護目鏡及帽子，保護眼睛及頭部

• Wear long trousers and long-sleeved tops in cotton or wool — avoid synthetic fabrics which melt
• Wear an N95 respirator mask — standard surgical masks are not sufficient to filter wildfire smoke particles
• Wear goggles and a hat to protect your eyes and head

五、受困時的應對

Part 5: If You Are Trapped

📌 受困應對建議整理自英國消防救援局指引

📌 Trapped-in-wildfire guidance sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services

煙霧健康影響

Smoke health effects

野火煙霧含有有害的微小粒子，可深入肺部。若需在受影響地區停留，應關閉窗戶及通風口，將空調調至室內循環模式，並留意身體反應——若出現胸悶、呼吸困難或頭暈，應盡快就醫。

Wildfire smoke contains harmful fine particles that penetrate deep into the lungs. If you must remain in an affected area, close windows and vents, set air conditioning to recirculate mode, and monitor your health — if you experience chest tightness, breathing difficulty or dizziness, seek medical attention promptly.

參考資料

References