一、預防火災與警報系統
Part 1: Fire Prevention & Alarm Systems
📌 火災預防及警報系統資料來自英國消防救援局及 London Fire Brigade
📌 Fire prevention and alarm information sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services and the London Fire Brigade
安裝正確的警報器
Install the right alarms
英國建議每層樓至少安裝一個煙霧報警器，最佳位置是天花板中央。廚房不宜安裝煙霧報警器（油煙易引起誤報），應改用熱報警器（Heat Alarm）。家中有煤氣爐、暖爐或燃木爐者，必須同時安裝一氧化碳探測器（CO Alarm）。
The UK recommends at least one smoke alarm on every floor of your home, ideally on the ceiling in the middle of the room. Avoid installing smoke alarms in kitchens — cooking fumes cause false alarms. Use a heat alarm there instead. If you have a gas boiler, open fire or wood-burning stove, you must also have a carbon monoxide (CO) alarm.
根據英格蘭最新法規，私人租賃物業房東必須在每層樓安裝至少一個煙霧報警器，所有固體燃料燃燒設備的房間須安裝CO探測器，違者面臨最高 £5,000 罰款。如你係租客，可要求房東按法律安裝。
Under English law, private landlords must install at least one smoke alarm on every floor and a CO alarm in rooms with solid fuel-burning appliances. Failure to comply can result in a fine of up to £5,000. If you rent, you can ask your landlord to comply with this legal requirement.
日常維護與預防習慣
Maintenance & everyday habits
- 每月測試一次報警器，每六個月用吸塵機清理，避免灰塵影響靈敏度
- 烹飪時切勿無人看管；油炸鍋油量不可超過三分之一，起火時絕不可用水潑灑
- 避免插座過載；睡覺或外出前拔除不用的電器插頭（尤其是充電器和延長線）
- 定期清理乾衣機的棉絮過濾網——棉絮積聚是英國家居火災的主要成因之一
- 蠟燭點燃時切勿離開房間，熄滅前確認完全滅火
- 菸蒂必須完全熄滅才可棄置，切勿在床上或沙發上吸煙
- Test alarms monthly; vacuum them every six months to keep sensors clear
- Never leave cooking unattended; never fill a chip pan more than one-third with oil; never use water on a chip pan fire
- Don't overload sockets; unplug appliances (especially chargers and extension leads) when sleeping or leaving home
- Clean your tumble dryer's lint filter regularly — lint build-up is one of the leading causes of home fires in the UK
- Never leave candles burning unattended; make sure they are fully extinguished before leaving a room
- Stub out cigarettes completely; never smoke in bed or on sofas
二、火警應變：逃生法則
Part 2: When Fire Breaks Out
📌 逃生法則整理自英國消防救援局及 London Fire Brigade 指引
📌 Escape guidance sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services and London Fire Brigade
火場應變的最高原則是：逃出 (Get Out)、保持距離 (Stay Out)、立即撥打 999。你有兩種情況需要分別應對：
The golden rule in a fire is: Get out, stay out, call 999. The right action depends on your situation:
🏃 情況A：逃生路線暢通——小火快逃Situation A: Escape route is clear — get out fast
- 開門前先測試：用手背觸摸門板與門把，若燙手或有濃煙，不要開門
- 往下往外：濃煙上升速度極快（每秒3–5米），逃生必須「往下、往外」，絕不往上
- 保持低姿勢：若有煙霧，爬行前進，貼近地面空氣較清晰
- 隨手關門：逃出時每關一道門，都能有效延遲火勢蔓延，為他人爭取時間
- 不要取財物：任何財物都不值得為此冒生命危險；逃出後絕不返回火場
- Test the door first: use the back of your hand to check the door and handle — if hot or if you can see smoke underneath, do not open it
- Go down and out: smoke rises fast (3–5 metres per second) — always escape downwards, never up
- Stay low: if there is smoke, crawl — the air is cleaner near the floor
- Close doors behind you: every door closed slows the fire and buys time for others
- Leave belongings behind: nothing is worth your life — once out, never go back in
🚪 情況B：逃生路線受阻——濃煙關門，留守待救Situation B: Escape route is blocked — seal the door and wait for rescue
- 立即關上房門：實驗顯示，關閉的房門能有效隔熱——門外150°C時，室內可維持25°C達數十分鐘
- 封住門縫：用濕毛巾、衣物或床單塞住門縫底部，防止有毒煙霧滲入
- 選擇有窗戶的房間：移至有外窗的房間，打開窗戶讓新鮮空氣進入並讓消防員看到你
- 撥打999並持續聯繫：告知消防員你的確切位置，並在窗口揮動衣物或用手機燈光示意
- 不要跳樓：除非火勢已直接威脅你的房間，否則等待救援遠比跳樓安全
- Close the door immediately: tests show a closed door can keep a room at 25°C even when the corridor outside reaches 150°C — for tens of minutes
- Seal the gap: push a wet towel, clothing or bedding into the gap at the bottom of the door to block smoke
- Move to a room with a window: open the window for fresh air and to signal to firefighters below
- Call 999 and stay on the line: tell the operator your exact location; wave clothing or use your phone torch to help firefighters find you
- Do not jump: unless fire is directly threatening your room, waiting for rescue is far safer than jumping
不要用水潑油鍋火焰（會爆炸性飛濺）｜不要搭升降機（可能停電，且電梯井有煙囪效應）｜不要躲入浴室（門易受熱熔化，且空間密封缺氧）｜不要往上逃（煙和熱都往上走）｜不要重返火場取財物或找寵物
Never pour water on a chip pan fire (it causes an explosive fireball) | Never use a lift (power may cut out; lift shafts act as chimneys) | Never hide in the bathroom (the door melts and the space seals off oxygen) | Never escape upwards (heat and smoke both rise) | Never re-enter a burning building for belongings or pets
三、高層建築：留守原地政策
Part 3: High-Rise Buildings — Stay Put Policy
📌 留守原地政策來自英國消防救援局及 London Fire Brigade 高層建築指引
📌 Stay Put policy sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services and London Fire Brigade high-rise guidance
英國大多數現代高層公寓採用「分隔式建築」設計，火災由建築結構隔離，通常不需要全棟疏散。
Most modern UK high-rise flats are built on a "compartmentalisation" principle — fire is contained within the flat of origin, so full evacuation is not normally needed.
🏠 何時應「留守原地」When to stay put
- 火災不在你的單位
- The fire is not in your flat
- 你的單位未受火勢或濃煙直接影響
- Your flat is not directly affected by fire or smoke
- 留守時應致電999告知你的位置，關閉門窗，等待消防員指示
- If staying put, call 999 with your location, close doors and windows, and await firefighter instructions
🚪 何時必須立即撤離When you must evacuate
- 火災發生在你的單位
- The fire is in your own flat
- 熱氣或濃煙已滲透進入你的單位
- Heat or smoke has entered your flat
- 消防員或警報系統要求疏散
- Firefighters or the building's alarm system directs you to evacuate
2017年Grenfell Tower火災後，英國已加強對高層建築外牆物料及消防安全的規管。如你居住的高層建築外牆有待更換的易燃物料（ACM cladding），消防局或業主立案法團可能已制定特別疏散計劃。留意大廈管理處的最新通知。
Following the 2017 Grenfell Tower fire, the UK has strengthened regulations on high-rise cladding and fire safety. If your building has identified combustible cladding (such as ACM), your fire service or building management may have a modified evacuation plan. Check notices from your building manager for any specific instructions.
四、特殊情況應對
Part 4: Special Situations
📌 特殊情況應對整理自英國消防救援局指引
📌 Special situation guidance sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services
衣物著火：停、下、滾
Clothes on fire: Stop, Drop and Roll
如衣物著火，切勿奔跑（會令火勢加劇）。應立即停下（Stop）、趴下（Drop）、翻滾（Roll）壓熄火焰。如身邊有滅火毯、大衣或厚毯，可用來輔助滅火。
If your clothes catch fire, never run — it fans the flames. Immediately stop, drop to the ground, and roll to smother the fire. A fire blanket, coat or thick blanket nearby can help to extinguish the flames.
災後評估：切勿倉卒使用受損電器
Post-fire: don't use damaged appliances
即使是小型起火（如微波爐或電熱壺起火），在專業人員檢查電路系統前，切勿繼續使用受影響的電器或電路，以免電路受損引發二次火災。
Even after a minor fire (such as a microwave or kettle catching fire), do not use the affected appliances or electrical circuits until they have been inspected by a qualified professional — damaged wiring can easily cause a second fire.
五、申請免費居家火災安全檢查
Part 5: Free Home Fire Safety Check
📌 免費火災安全檢查資料來自英國消防救援局官方網站
📌 Free fire safety check information sourced from UK Fire and Rescue Services official websites
英國各地消防救援局提供免費居家火災安全評估（Home Fire Safety Visit）：消防員會上門評估火災風險，給予建議，並在需要時免費協助安裝煙霧報警器。
UK Fire and Rescue Services offer a free Home Fire Safety Visit: a firefighter will visit your home, assess fire risks, give tailored advice, and in some cases fit smoke alarms for free.
- 可透過 www.ohfsc.co.uk 進行線上風險評估，或致電當地消防救援局的非緊急號碼申請上門服務
- 65歲以上長者、行動不便、有視聽障礙或長期病患者屬優先服務對象
- 切勿撥打 999 申請此服務
- Visit www.ohfsc.co.uk to complete an online risk assessment, or call your local Fire and Rescue Service's non-emergency number to request a home visit
- Priority is given to people aged 65+, those with limited mobility, sensory impairments, or long-term health conditions
- Do not call 999 to request this service
緊急火警：999（消防）｜非緊急查詢：致電當地消防救援局｜線上風險評估：www.ohfsc.co.uk
Emergency fire: 999 (Fire) | Non-emergency enquiries: call your local Fire and Rescue Service | Online risk check: www.ohfsc.co.uk