一、UK Illness Watch — 當前病情概覽 Part 1 — UK Illness Watch
📌 數據來源：UKHSA 每週流感及 COVID-19 監測報告、UKHSA 公共衛生儀表板（每月人手更新一次）。
📌 Data sourced from UKHSA Weekly Flu & COVID-19 Surveillance Reports and UKHSA Public Health Dashboard. Manually updated monthly.
| 疾病Illness | 現況Status | 說明與家庭行動Notes & Family Action |
|---|---|---|
|
🤧 流感Influenza (Flu)
高峰期：10月至翌年4月
Peak season: Oct–Apr
|
🟢 低Low | 夏季非高峰期，病例顯著減少。秋季開始請留意每週更新及流感疫苗接種安排。 Off-season. Cases significantly reduced. Monitor weekly updates and flu vaccine schedule from autumn. |
|
🤮 諾如病毒（腸胃炎）Norovirus (Stomach Bug)
全年均有，冬季高峰
Year-round; peaks in winter
|
🟡 中等Moderate | 全年均有，學校爆發時有通知。傳染力極強，家中需嚴格注意個人衛生及廁所清潔。 Circulates year-round. Highly contagious — strict hand hygiene and bathroom cleaning essential. |
|
🦠 COVID-19
已成地方性流行病
Now endemic
|
🟢 低至中等Low–Moderate | 已成地方性流行，整體穩定。季節性波動仍存在。高風險人士（長者、長期病患者）建議保持疫苗更新。 Endemic and stable. Seasonal waves continue. High-risk individuals (elderly, chronic conditions) should keep vaccinations up to date. |
|
😮💨 百日咳Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
英國2024年顯著增加
Major UK outbreak in 2024
|
🟡 中等監測Elevated Monitoring | 2024年英國曾爆發大規模疫情，現已趨穩但仍高於基線。請確認嬰幼兒、孕婦及長者疫苗接種狀況。 Significant 2024 UK outbreak; stabilising but remains above baseline. Verify vaccination for infants, pregnant women and elderly. |
|
🔴 麻疹Measles
因接種率不足而受關注
Concern due to vaccination gaps
|
🟢 低Low | 整體病例偏低，但部分地區因 MMR 接種率不足而有局部爆發風險。未接種兒童請儘快補打 MMR 疫苗。 Cases low overall. Localised outbreak risk in areas with low MMR coverage. Unvaccinated children should catch up on MMR promptly. |
|
🤒 猩紅熱 / 甲型鏈球菌Scarlet Fever / Strep A
兒童常見，春季高峰
Common in children; spring peak
|
🟢 低Low | 夏季非高峰期。若兒童出現喉嚨痛伴皮疹，請盡早求診 GP。 Off-season currently. Children with sore throat and rash should see GP promptly. |
|
🫁 RSV（呼吸道合胞病毒）RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
兩歲以下高危，秋冬高峰
High-risk in infants under 2; autumn–winter peak
|
🟢 低Low | 夏季非高峰期。請留意秋季開始的嬰幼兒 RSV 疫苗計劃。 Off-season. Monitor the infant RSV vaccination programme from autumn. |
資料來源： UKHSA 每週流感及 COVID-19 監測報告 · UKHSA 公共衛生儀表板 · WHO 疾病疫情新聞
Sources: UKHSA Weekly Flu & COVID-19 Surveillance Reports · UKHSA Public Health Dashboard · WHO Disease Outbreak News
本表每月人手更新一次，數字僅供參考。要獲取最新病情，請直接查閱 UKHSA 官方儀表板或每週監測報告。
This table is manually updated monthly and is for general reference only. For the latest situation, visit the UKHSA dashboard or weekly surveillance reports directly.
英國衛生安全局官方公共衛生儀表板UK Health Security Agency official public health dashboard
二、家庭「傳染病應變箱」清單 Part 2 — Your Family Illness Kit
📌 藥品建議參考自 NHS「家庭常備藥品」指引；防護用品建議參考自 UKHSA 家庭備災資料。
📌 Medicines guidance from NHS "medicines cabinet" guidance; protection supplies from UKHSA household preparedness resources.
有人病倒的時候，最怕就是什麼都沒有。以下是建議在家常備的物資，分三類整理：
When illness strikes, the worst feeling is having nothing ready. Here are recommended household supplies in three categories:
💊 常備藥物Medicines Cabinet
- 撲熱息痛（Paracetamol）— 成人裝Paracetamol — adult
- 兒童撲熱息痛液（按年齡備）Children's Paracetamol liquid (age-appropriate)
- 布洛芬（Ibuprofen）— 成人；6個月以上兒童版Ibuprofen — adult & child (6 months+)
- 喉嚨含片或噴霧Throat lozenges or spray
- 止咳藥水（成人 & 兒童各一）Cough medicine (adult & child)
- 抗組胺藥（Antihistamine）Antihistamine (allergy / runny nose)
- 止瀉藥（如 Imodium）Antidiarrheal (e.g. Imodium)
- 電解質補充包（如 Dioralyte）Rehydration sachets (e.g. Dioralyte)
- 生理鹽水鼻噴霧Saline nasal spray
🌿 中成藥（選備）Chinese Medicine (Optional)
- 北京銀翹解毒片（感冒咽痛、尿道炎）Yinqiao Jiedu Pian (cold, sore throat)
- 葛根湯（感冒頭痛身痛）Gegen Tang (cold with headache & body ache)
- 小柴胡湯（感冒兼腸胃不適）Xiao Chaihu Tang (cold with stomach upset)
- 藿香正氣散（感冒腹瀉）Huoxiang Zhengqi San (cold with diarrhoea)
- 蓮花清瘟膠囊（COVID / 流感發燒）Lianhua Qingwen (COVID / flu fever)
- 川貝枇杷膏（咳嗽、喉嚨痛）Chuanbei Pipa Gao (cough, sore throat)
⚠️ 以上僅供參考。發燒持續或症狀嚴重，仍應求診 GP 或 NHS 111，或諮詢註冊中醫師。 ⚠️ For reference only. If fever persists or symptoms are severe, consult your GP, NHS 111, or a registered TCM practitioner.
🛡️ 防護及監測Protection & Monitoring
- FFP2 或 KN95 口罩（家庭2週份量）FFP2 or KN95 masks (2-week household supply)
- 酒精搓手液（≥60% alcohol）Hand sanitiser (≥60% alcohol)
- 消毒噴霧 / 消毒濕紙巾Disinfectant spray / wipes
- 即棄手套Disposable gloves
- 大量衛生紙巾Tissues (large supply)
- 大垃圾袋（用過口罩即棄用）Large bin bags (for disposing used masks)
- 數字耳溫計（全家適用）Digital ear thermometer (whole family)
- 血氧計（尤適長者及心肺病患者）Pulse oximeter (especially for elderly / heart or lung conditions)
🛒 家庭緩衝物資（建議備足1至2星期）Household Buffer Stocks (1–2 weeks recommended)
- 即食食品 / 罐頭Ready-to-eat food / tinned goods
- 電解質飲品 / 運動飲品Electrolyte drinks / sports drinks
- 日用品（衛生棉等）Personal hygiene essentials
- 處方藥物（至少7日份量）Prescription medication (7-day supply min)
- 嬰兒奶粉 / 尿片（按需備用）Baby formula / nappies (if needed)
- 寵物糧食（按需備用）Pet food (if needed)
- 紙巾及垃圾袋（大量）Paper towels and bin bags (large quantity)
- 小朋友的特別需要（奶嘴、奶瓶等）Children's special items (dummies, bottles etc.)
📦 推薦應變箱產品
📦 Recommended Illness Kit Products
以下是適合加入家庭應變箱的實用產品，可在 Amazon UK 購買：
A few practical products to add to your family illness kit, available on Amazon UK:
As an Amazon Associate, SafeNest earns from qualifying purchases. Prices shown are approximate and may vary.
三、有人病了：三個階段的應對 Part 3 — When Someone Gets Sick: 3 Stages
📌 應對步驟參考自 NHS「在家護理」指引及 UKHSA 家庭隔離建議。
📌 Guidance adapted from NHS "Home Care" guidance and UKHSA household isolation recommendations.
第1天Day 1
量體溫並記錄（成人發燒標準：≥38°C）。觀察症狀：喉嚨痛？出疹？腸胃症狀？通知學校或工作單位——英國學校普遍要求在缺席首日上午9時前電話通知。如症狀輕微，先在家休息觀察。如懷疑是 COVID-19，可考慮快速抗原測試（RAT）。
Take and record temperature (fever: ≥38°C for adults). Note symptoms: sore throat, rash, stomach issues? Notify school or employer — UK schools typically require a phone call before 9am on day one. If symptoms are mild, rest at home and monitor. If COVID-19 is suspected, consider a rapid antigen test (RAT).
病中During
患者盡量單獨使用一間房間及廁所。照顧者進入房間時戴 FFP2 口罩。每2小時定時開窗通風。患者使用過的碗碟、毛巾分開清洗。電燈掣、門把等高接觸表面每天消毒。確保患者多飲水；腸胃炎可用 Dioralyte 補充電解質。長者或心肺病患者請用血氧計定時監測（SpO₂ 應維持 ≥95%）。
Where possible, isolate the sick person with their own room and bathroom. Carers wear an FFP2 mask when entering. Open windows for 10 minutes every 2 hours. Wash dishes and towels separately. Disinfect high-touch surfaces (door handles, light switches) daily. Keep fluids up — use Dioralyte for gastroenteritis. Monitor SpO₂ in elderly or those with heart/lung conditions (should stay ≥95%).
康復期Recovery
一般建議：退燒後48小時才可返校或返工；腸胃炎最後一次嘔吐或腹瀉後48小時才可返校。對房間進行徹底清潔消毒，包括床上用品及高接觸表面。補充已用完的應變箱物資。記錄今次情況，思考下次如何準備得更好。
General guidance: return to school or work 48 hours after fever resolves; for gastroenteritis, 48 hours after the last episode of vomiting or diarrhoea. Thoroughly clean and disinfect the room, bedding and high-touch surfaces. Restock your illness kit. Note what worked and what to do differently next time.
英國學校一般要求每天更新缺席原因。可說："Hello, my child [name] in [class/year] won't be in today — they have a temperature / stomach bug / sore throat. I'll call again tomorrow if they're still unwell."
Most UK schools require a call before 9am and an update each day. You can say: "Hello, my child [name] in [class/year] won't be in today — they have a temperature / stomach bug / sore throat. I'll call again tomorrow if they're still unwell."
去邊買：Boots、Superdrug、Tesco、Sainsbury's，或 Amazon UK（見下方）。NHS 已停止免費派發，需自費購買。
幾時測：有症狀才測（咳嗽、發燒、喉嚨痛）；無症狀陽性率低，不建議日日測。
點做：用棉棒輕掃鼻孔內壁（約2cm深），放入試劑，滴在測試板上，等15分鐘。
點解讀：兩條線 = 陽性（即使第二條線極淡）；一條線 = 陰性；無線 = 無效需重測。
重要：陰性不代表一定無事——如症狀持續或惡化，仍應聯絡 NHS 111 或 GP。
Where to buy: Boots, Superdrug, Tesco, Sainsbury's, or Amazon UK (see below). NHS no longer provides free tests — you need to buy your own.
When to test: Test when you have symptoms (cough, fever, sore throat). Not recommended for daily testing without symptoms.
How to do it: Swab gently inside each nostril (about 2cm), mix with buffer solution, drop onto the test cassette, wait 15 minutes.
How to read: Two lines = positive (even a very faint second line counts); one line = negative; no lines = invalid, retest.
Important: A negative result does not rule out illness — if symptoms persist or worsen, contact NHS 111 or your GP.
🧪 推薦快速測試套裝
🧪 Recommended Rapid Test Kits
As an Amazon Associate, SafeNest earns from qualifying purchases. Prices shown are approximate and may vary.
四、何時聯絡 NHS？決策指引 Part 4 — When to Contact the NHS
📌 求診時機建議來自 NHS 官方指引（nhs.uk）。
📌 When to seek care guidance from NHS official guidance (nhs.uk).
對剛到英國的家庭來說，搞清楚「打111」、「約 GP」還是「叫999」最令人困惑。以下是簡單指引：
For families new to the UK, knowing whether to call 111, see a GP or dial 999 is often confusing. Here is a simple guide:
NHS 111
- 不確定應否求診Unsure whether you need medical help
- 症狀令你擔心但非緊急Worried but not a life emergency
- GP 診所已關閉（非辦公時間）GP is closed (evenings, weekends)
- 需要緊急藥物建議Need urgent medication advice
- 嬰兒發燒而原因不明Baby with fever and unclear cause
- 不知道下一步應該怎麼做Not sure what to do next
GP（家庭醫生）GP (Family Doctor)
- 持續症狀超過7至10天Symptoms lasting 7–10+ days
- 懷疑需要抗生素Suspected need for antibiotics
- 傳染病後仍未痊癒Not recovering after an illness
- 反覆發燒Recurrent fever
- 兒童耳痛（懷疑耳朵感染）Child's ear pain (suspected ear infection)
- 慢性病患者情況有變Change in condition for those with chronic illness
999 — 緊急情況999 — Emergency Only
- 嚴重呼吸困難Severe breathing difficulty
- 嬰兒高燒 ≥40°C 藥物無效Infant fever ≥40°C not responding to medicine
- 意識不清或暈倒Loss of consciousness
- 嘴唇或指甲發紫（低血氧）Blue lips or fingernails (low oxygen)
- 頸部僵硬伴發燒及頭痛（懷疑腦膜炎）Stiff neck, fever and severe headache (suspected meningitis)
- 呼吸停止或心臟驟停Stopped breathing or cardiac arrest
致電 111 時，可要求廣東話 / 普通話 / 其他語言翻譯服務，無需事先預約。讓接線員知道您需要的語言即可。
When calling 111, you can request an interpreter in Cantonese, Mandarin or other languages at no charge. Simply tell the call handler which language you need.
五、社區爆發時：家庭升級版防疫模式 Part 5 — Community Outbreak: Household Response Mode
若 UKHSA 或地方當局宣布社區爆發，以下措施可幫助家庭降低感染風險：
If UKHSA or local authorities declare a community outbreak, the following steps help reduce your household's risk:
✅ 應做Do
- 追蹤 UKHSA 及地方 council 的官方通告
- Follow official updates from UKHSA and your local council
- 減少非必要前往人多密閉場所
- Reduce visits to crowded enclosed spaces
- 確保家中物資足夠應付 2 週
- Ensure home supplies cover 2 weeks
- 考慮轉為網購或外賣採購
- Switch to online shopping or delivery where possible
- 查看子女學校的最新政策及通知
- Check your children's school policy and notices
- 更新家人緊急聯絡清單及備援照顧人
- Update family emergency contact list and backup carers
❌ 避免Avoid
- 相信社交媒體未經核實的消息
- Trusting unverified social media reports
- 囤積超過合理份量（2週）的物資
- Stockpiling beyond a reasonable 2-week supply
- 因恐慌前往急症室（非緊急情況）
- Going to A&E in panic if it is not an emergency
- 忽略高風險家庭成員的特別需要
- Neglecting the special needs of high-risk family members
- 傳播未經核實的本地「疫情」信息
- Sharing unverified "local outbreak" messages
若家人分佈英港兩地，爆發時訊息容易混亂。建議提前建立一個家庭群組，指定由誰負責核實英國官方資訊（UKHSA / NHS），再統一傳遞給其他家人。
If family members are split between the UK and Hong Kong, information can quickly get confusing during an outbreak. Agree in advance who is responsible for verifying UK official information (UKHSA / NHS) and sharing it with the rest of the family.
六、官方資訊來源（建議加入書籤） Part 6 — Official Sources (Recommended Bookmarks)
UKHSA 公共衛生儀表板Public Health Dashboard
即時英格蘭傳染病數據，涵蓋呼吸道病毒、爆發、疫苗等。免費公開。
Real-time England infectious disease data including respiratory viruses, outbreaks and vaccinations. Free and public.
前往儀表板 →Visit Dashboard →UKHSA 每週監測報告UKHSA Weekly Reports
每週更新的流感及 COVID-19 監測報告，包括病例趨勢及住院數字。
Weekly flu and COVID-19 surveillance reports with case trends and hospitalisation data. Updated every week during flu season.
查閱報告 →View Reports →WHO 疾病疫情新聞Disease Outbreak News
世界衛生組織全球爆發更新，用於監察國際病情變化。
WHO global outbreak updates — useful for monitoring international disease developments affecting travel or family overseas.
前往 WHO →Visit WHO →NHS 111 網上症狀查詢Online Symptom Checker
輸入症狀，獲取個人化建議及是否需要就醫的指引。
Enter symptoms to get personalised advice on whether to seek medical care, any time of day or night.
111.nhs.uk →NHS 疫苗接種時間表Vaccination Schedule
英格蘭兒童及成人疫苗接種時間表，確認家人疫苗是否已齊全。
England childhood and adult vaccination schedule — check your family is up to date on all recommended vaccines.
nhs.uk/vaccinations →GOV.UK 衛生防護GOV.UK Health Protection
英國政府健康指引，包括隔離期、學校返學建議等官方說明。
UK government health guidance including isolation periods, school return guidance and infection control advice.
gov.uk/health-protection →